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Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA),carrying tumor special genomic alterations,has been widely investigated as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker in various cancers.It can comprehensively reflect tumor genomic features,including both genetic and epigenetic variants originating from different tumor lesions,thus serving as a potential non-invasive surrogate for tumor tissue biopsies,especially in those tumors whose biopsy specimens are difficult or unobtainable to obtain.