Objective To investigate the value of quantitative measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) with spectral CT based material imaging technique. Method Totally 128 female patients who underwent upper abdominal CT examination with spectral CT imaging mode were enrolled, Patients with the trauma, surgery, tumor or other diseases that affecting BMD were excluded. The patients were separated into 6 groups according to their ages: 18~30(n=23), 30~39(n=20), 40~49(n=22), 50~59(n=24), 60~69(n=19) and ≥70(n=20). The hydroxyapatite and calcium concentration was measured at central level of L2 for 3 times, and then mean value was obtained. 119 female who underwent dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) examination were selected as the controls with same criteriaand group division, and BMD was measured at L2. The measurement results of differentages in the study group were compared by the analysis of variance. Pearson correlation analysis was taken between age and hydroxyapatite, calcium concentration respectively.The hydroxyapatite, calcium concentration and BMD was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis respectively. Result There were significant differences in the hydroxyapatite and calcium concentration between different age groups(P< 0.05).Both calcium and hydroxyapatite concentrations showed positive relationship with BMD(r=0.796 and r=0.874, both P<0.05). Females with age of 30~39 had the highest calcium concentration, hydroxyapatite concentration and BMD. As same as BMD, hydroxyapatite concentration and calcium concentration showed positive relationship to age in female≤39 years(r=0.538 and r= 0.416, both P<0.05) and negative relationship in >40 years(r=-0.629 and r=-0.562 , both P<0.05). Conclusion spectral CT based material technique can be used as a new and convenient method in measuring BMD to reflect bone changes, hydroxyapatite-based material decomposition technique was more better than calcium.