本文利用新近出版的《清嘉庆朝刑科题本社会史料辑刊》,探讨河南的乡村社会经济与日常生活。辑录出的59件河南档案,尤以开封府、河南府、南阳府、汝宁府、光州直隶州五个府州资料较为集中。《辑刊》所载的档案资料,有案件事主交待的家庭亲属年龄及基本情况的记载,使我们了解到当时社会的人口、婚姻、家庭等状况很有用处,我们获得不少有关的信息。嘉庆时期河南农村的生计活动比较多样化,农与商工结合,兼业较为突出,人们有较高的生活水准。生产生活中的借贷与雇佣活动较多,经济关系也是社会关系,经济互助与放贷牟利并存。一般认为清代乾隆朝中期开始政治上渐趋腐败,走向了中衰之路,嘉庆朝全面衰落。然而,嘉庆朝的河南农村,社会经济并无明显衰退,仍然呈现的是比较繁荣的景象。 This article uses the newly published “Qing Jia Qing Dynasty criminal history of this social historical journals” to explore Henan’s rural social economy and daily life. The compilation of 59 pieces of Henan archives, especially Kaifeng House, Henan House, Nanyang House, Ning House, Kwangju Chihli state five prefectures data is more concentrated. The archives and information contained in the Journal and the record of the family members’ age and basic facts handed over by the case owners make us aware of the usefulness of the population, marriage and family in the society at that time and we have obtained quite a lot of relevant information. During the Jiaqing period, the livelihood activities in rural areas of Henan Province were quite diversified. The combination of agriculture and commerce was more prominent in part-time work and people had a higher standard of living. There are many borrowings and employment activities in production and living, and the economic relations are also social relations. Mutual economic assistance and lending and profit sharing coexist. It is generally believed that during the mid-Qing dynasty, the Qianlong Dynasty began to gradually become politically corrupt and headed toward the path of declining prosperity. Jiaqing dynasty declined in an all-round way. However, in the rural areas of Jiaqing in Henan Province, there was no obvious recession in social economy, and the scene of prosperity was still relatively prosperous.