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Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates inflammation response to infection and promotes bone resorption. TNF-α gene promoter region-308 G/A(rs1800629) polymorphism can influence the TNF-α production and has been evidenced to be associated with periodontitis risk. The relationship between this variant and dental implant biological complications also has been widely investigated. However, the studies yielded contradictory results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to investigate these inconclusive findings comprehensively. Methods: Several electronic databases were searched for eligible articles. Seven case-control studies evaluating the association between TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism and risk for dental implant biological complications(implant loss, peri-implantitis and peri-implant bone loss) were searched without any language restriction. Results: Pooled estimates indicated that TNF-α-308 G/A variant A allele was associated with elevated risk of dental implant biological complications(OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.00–1.88, Pheterogeneity=0.35). Similar association was found among Asians in subgroup analysis by ethnicity(OR=4.67, 95% CI: 1.14–19.03). Further stratified analysis showed three times increased risk for peri-implant bone loss in allelic(OR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.18–7.34, Pheterogeneity=0.38) and dominant model(OR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.08–9.09, Pheterogeneity=0.73). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the TNF-α-308 G/A A allele and A carriers contribute to increased susceptibility for dental implant biological complications, especially for peri-implant bone loss. These findings supplied genetic evidence that the rs1800629 polymorphism might be a shared genetic risk factor of dental implant biological complications and periodontitis. Replication studies of our results in independent large populations are necessary to validate these associations in diverse populations.