有关文学本质的追问既是文学研究绕不过的重点,也是当代文艺学建构过程中挥之不去的难点。必须承认文学本质存在的客观性,但更应重视对于文学本质阐释的主观自在性。究其实,所谓文学本质是由诸多主客观因素多向度动态式综合生成的价值指认。这些因素包括:文学形质不可确证性的限制,国家意识形态的体制化规训,文化地理区域性差异的影响,语际交往中非对称原理的作用,阐释主体知识成见的预设。文学本质的多向生成,不仅说明其发生机制的后发式、多源化和流动性,而且表明文学本质一元化认定的不合时宜。 The questioning of the nature of literature is not only the focus of literature research, but also the lingering difficulty in the construction of contemporary literature and art. The objectivity of the existence of literature must be acknowledged, but more attention should be paid to the subjective ease of interpretation of the nature of literature. In fact, the so-called literary nature is a multi-dimensional dynamic and synthetically generated value identification of many subjective and objective factors. These factors include: the unconfirmed limitations of the literary form; the institutionalized regulation of the state ideology; the influence of regional differences in cultural geography; the role of asymmetrical principles in intercultural communication; and the presupposition of the prejudice of the subject’s knowledge. The multi-directional generation of literary nature not only illustrates the afterward style, multi-source and liquidity of its occurrence mechanism, but also shows that the nature of literature is unopposed.