汉中传统民居庭院绿化的微气候调节作用研究

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传统民居的庭院微气候环境与村民的日常生活息息相关,是衡量村镇人居环境质量的重要指标。绿色植物作为影响室外活动空间微气候的重要因素,可在一定程度上调节庭院空间的微气候,起到改善城镇居民室外热舒适的作用。然而在以往的绿化设计中极少通过数值模拟的研究方法定量分析植物对民居庭院的微气候影响,从而最大限度发挥出植物的生态效应。为此,通过研究传统民居庭院绿化的微气候调节作用,采用优化庭院植物配置的手段改善庭院的微气候环境,为村民们营造一个舒适、宜人的居住环境具有重要的现实意义。首先,论文通过对微气候及热舒适相关理论的梳理,分析了微气候环境的研究指标,归纳了目前国内外已有的微气候评价模型,解析了影响庭院微气候的绿化因素,在此基础上,选取适合汉中传统民居的微气候评价指标。然后,通过实地调研法、问卷调查法、测绘调查法对40个村镇进行了普遍调研,并对8个重点村镇和1个历史街区的传统民居建筑形式、院落形态、庭院绿化特征等方面进行了详细调研,总结出汉中传统民居庭院绿化的现状问题和重点研究问题,为研究传统民居庭院绿化对微气候的调节作用提供准确详实的基础资料。在对重点村镇传统民居充分调研的基础上,选取洋县东韩村一栋民居进行夏季庭院空气温度、相对湿度、风速的物理环境测试,定量分析植物对传统民居庭院的微气候调节作用,同时为软件模拟阶段提供准确的验证数据。最后,根据汉中市夏季典型气象日的气候参数,利用PHOENICS模拟软件分别对“L”型合院、三合院、四合院从庭院中的植物配置和乔木种植位置两方面进行微气候模拟,明确不同的植物配置、乔木种植位置对庭院的风环境、空气温度、相对湿度以及热气候指数(UTCI)的影响特征。研究结果显示,乔灌草是最佳的植物配置形式,并且当乔木种植于“L”型合院、三合院、四合44院东侧时,能最大程度的改善夏季庭院的微气候状况。本文以汉中传统民居庭院绿化为研究对象,从建筑学专业角度出发,研究庭院绿化的微气候调节作用。以期科学合理的指导庭院中的植物配置和乔木的种植位置,改善夏季汉中传统民居庭院的微气候环境,丰富村镇人居环境的理论研究。
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