古今中外,“自负”的人总会招致失败,项羽因自负而垓下惨败;关公因自负失荆州;马谡因自负失街亭;拿破仑因自负而被囚爱尔巴岛;希特勒因自负而不得不自杀身亡等等,都是人尽皆知的。而最为大家“谈虎色变”的2003年的伊拉克战争和2008年的金融危机,研究者也提出是因为最高决策者的自负和冒 At all times and in all countries, “self-confidence ” people will always lead to failure, Xiang Yu defeat due to ego and defeat; Guan lost because of their own loss Jingzhou; Ma Wan arrogant street kiosks; Napoleon was captive Elba; Have to commit suicide, etc., are well known. And most of them talk about the Iraq war and the 2008 financial crisis in 2008, the researchers also proposed that because of the highest decision-makers’ own ego and risk