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1931年“九·一八”事变,日本侵占我国东北后,又向华北发动了新的进攻。到1935年下半年,日本帝国主义已控制了察哈尔,并扶植汉奸殷汝耕在冀东成立傀儡政府。在这种形势下,国民党政府仍然奉行对外妥协退让,对内积极反共剿“匪”的反动方针,而且竟然准备成立“冀察政务委员会”以迎合日本提出的“华北政权特殊化”的要求。在严重的民族危机面前,站在华北前线的北平学生坚决响应中国共产党“八一宣言”的号召,在中共北平市委的领导下,举起抗日爱国大旗。12月9日,3000多学生进行了示威游行,掀起了波澜壮阔的“一二·九”学生运动,吹响了抗日战争的前奏曲。虽然广大学生的爱国行动遭到了国民党当局的残酷镇压,但这次运动却在全国产生了深远的影响。
After the September 18, 1931 incident in 1931, Japan invaded and occupied northeast China and launched a new offensive to North China. By the second half of 1935, Japanese imperialism had taken control of Chahar and fostered the traitor Yin Rugeng to establish a puppet government in Jidong. Under such circumstances, the Kuomintang government still pursues the reactionary principle of compromise and concession by the outside world and the active suppression of “banditry” within the country. It also plans to set up a “committee of the Hebei provincial government to meet the requirements of the specialization of the regime in north China” put forward by Japan. In the face of a serious national crisis, Peking students standing in the front of North China resolutely responded to the call of the “August 1 Manifesto” of the Communist Party of China and lifted the banner of resistance against Japan and patriotism under the leadership of CPC Peiping Municipal Committee. On December 9, more than 3,000 students staged demonstrations and marched the mighty “January-September 9” student movement and blew the prelude to the war of resistance against Japan. Although the majority of students’ patriotic actions were brutally suppressed by the Kuomintang authorities, the campaign has had far-reaching effects throughout the country.