论文部分内容阅读
一 语言是一种符号系统。作为符号的语言,其最大的特点是能记与可记之间没有必然的、本质的联系,它们的结合是任意的,不可论证的。对于语言符号这种任意性原则没有人反对,其实任意性是就语言符号的能记与可记的关系而言的,假如我们换一个角度,从语言符号内部各构成成分之间的关系来观察的话,有些语言符号又具有相对的可论证性。这种相对可论证性的特征就连语言符号论者索绪尔本人也发现了。他认为只有一部分符号是绝对任意的,而另一些符号则具备一些可以看作有不同程度的任意性的特征,“符号可能具有相对的可论证性”。这种相对的可论证性特征在现代汉语中表现得尤为突出。这是因为现代汉语是双音节词占优势,绝大部分新词的创造都是采用常用语素新组合的形式,这就容易使人们想到它的组成部分,联想起与之有关的其他词。就某些合成词而言,为什么这样组合,而不那样组合,当然不是任意的而是可以论证和解释的。这种论证和解释可以从语法上进行,也可以从其他角度来谈。本文基于汉语合成词组合的相对可论证性特征,从文化的角度,探讨部分并列式合成词的语义构词原则。
A language is a symbolic system. As a symbolic language, its greatest characteristic is that there is no necessary and essential connection between the mind and the mind. Their combination is arbitrary and irrefutable. There is no objection to the principle of arbitrariness of linguistic signs. In fact, arbitrariness is concerned with the relationship between the sign of energy and the sign of linguistic signs. If we look from another angle, we can see from the relations among the components of linguistic signs , Then some linguistic signs have relative argumentation. This comparatively demonstrable trait, even by Saussure, the linguistic semiotic, has also been discovered. He believes that only a part of the symbol is absolutely arbitrary, while others have some characteristics that can be regarded as varying degrees of arbitrariness. “Symbols may be relatively verifiable.” This relative arguable characteristic is particularly prominent in modern Chinese. This is because modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words. Most new words are created in the form of new combinations of common morphemes, making it easy for people to think of its components and to think of other words related to it. In the case of certain compound words, it is of course not arbitrary but argues and explained why such combinations are made, but not combined in that way. This argument and explanation can be grammatical, but also from other angles. Based on the relative arguable characteristics of Chinese compound words, this article explores the principle of semantic word formation of some partially synthesized words from a cultural point of view.