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电力改革是一项复杂的系统工程。基于可靠性、经济性与公平性的三元冲突分析框架,本文认为不同国家的改革模式是各国在改革资源与能力的约束下,对三类改革目标综合权衡后合理的均衡的制度选择。基于规制权衡的视角,电力改革的标准模式可以分为可靠导向、经济导向和公平导向三类,在不同导向下平衡各类改革条件可形成法国EDF模式、欧盟TSO模式、美国TO/ISO模式等多元发展模式。我国电力体制设计必须优先保障电力系统拥有强大的公共服务能力,推动电网作为接入平台的产业角色转换、商业模式创新和基础能力建设。基于三元冲突和规制权衡框架,我国电力体制改革必须明确可靠性导向,推进电源侧、需求侧的多元化和电网的平台创新,科学审慎地设计双边交易模式及配套机制,推进售电领域有序竞争与服务创新,实现电力市场体系安全稳定和包容性发展。
Power reform is a complex system engineering. Based on the framework of ternary conflict analysis of reliability, economy and fairness, this paper argues that the reform models in different countries are reasonable and balanced institutional choices for all countries under the constraints of the reform resources and capabilities and the comprehensive balance of the three types of reform goals. Based on the regulatory trade-off perspective, the standard model of electricity reform can be classified into three categories: reliable guidance, economic guidance and fair orientation. Under the guidance of different conditions, various types of reform conditions can form France’s EDF model, the EU’s TSO model, the U.S. TO / ISO model, etc. Multiple development model. China’s power system design must give priority to ensuring that the power system has a strong public service capability and promote the transformation of the power grid as an access platform to industrial roles, business model innovation and basic capacity building. Based on the tradeoff between the ternary conflict and the regulatory framework, the reform of China’s power system must specify the direction of reliability and promote the diversification of the power supply side and the demand side as well as the platform innovation of the power grid. Scientifically and prudently design bilateral trade patterns and supporting mechanisms to promote the sale of electricity Order competition and service innovation to achieve a safe, stable and inclusive development of the power market system.