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一、前言金属材料是各种类型机械产品和工程构件的物质基础,它与生产建设、国防工程及人民生活息息相关,它的失效往往威胁安全生产并造成重大经济损失。美国调查结果表明,由于金属材料腐蚀失效所招致的直接经济损失每年高达700亿美元。仅腐蚀失效一项引起如此巨大灾害,而金属材料失效原因多种多样,涉及范围极其广泛,所造成损失之巨大是可想而知的。因此,失效分析的社会价值和经济价值越来越受到人们的关注,
I. Introduction Metal materials are the material basis of various types of mechanical products and engineering components. They are closely related to production and construction, national defense projects and people’s livelihood. Their failure often threatens safety in production and causes heavy economic losses. The U.S. findings show that direct economic losses due to corrosion failure of metallic materials amount to as much as $ 70 billion annually. Only a corrosion failure caused such a huge disaster, and the failure of metallic materials for a variety of reasons, covering a very wide range of losses caused by the huge can be imagined. Therefore, the social value and economic value of failure analysis are getting more and more attention,