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电火花加工技术经过多年的发展,已经成为一门成熟且不可或缺的加工方法,新工艺、新方法和新装备层出不穷,如何提高加工效率一直是人们所关注的焦点。电火花加工过程中,为防止对工件产生损伤,要避免电弧放电,通过各种工艺手段提高加工效率的效果不明显。通过有效控制电弧通断,利用电弧弧柱极高的能量去除材料,可以极大地提高放电加工效率,是近年来研究高效放电加工的一个新方向。另外,放电烧蚀加工利用电火花放电作为诱导能量,控制金属基体与通入的氧气燃烧产生化学能用于蚀除工件,该能量远远大于脉冲电源的能量,是高效放电加工的另外一个新方向。放电烧蚀加工辅以其他方法形成复合加工,对已烧蚀表面进行优化处理,可以实现高加工效率的同时获得良好的表面质量。综述了电火花加工、电弧加工和放电烧蚀加工技术在高效加工方面的研究现状。
After years of development, EDM technology has become a mature and indispensable processing method. New techniques, new methods and new equipment are emerging in an endless stream. How to improve the processing efficiency has always been the focus of attention. EDM process, in order to prevent damage to the workpiece, to avoid arc discharge, through various means to improve the processing efficiency is not obvious. By effectively controlling the on-off of the arc and utilizing the extremely high energy of the arc arc column to remove the material, the processing efficiency of the discharge can be greatly improved, which is a new direction for studying the high-efficiency discharge machining in recent years. In addition, the discharge ablation process using spark discharge as induced energy, the control of the metal substrate and the oxygen gas combustion to produce chemical energy for the removal of the workpiece, the energy is much larger than the pulse power, is another high efficiency EDM direction. Discharge ablation processing supplemented by other methods to form a composite processing, the ablated surface is optimized to achieve high processing efficiency while achieving good surface quality. In this paper, the research status of EDM, arc machining and discharge ablation in high efficiency machining is reviewed.