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以20年生银杏核用品种‘佛指’(Ginkgo biloba L.‘Fozhi’)为试材,通过树脂切片对雌配子体发育过程中淀粉和蛋白质形成与代谢进行显微和超微结构观察。结果表明:(1)雌配子体发育过程中,细胞内淀粉和蛋白质的积累呈现规律性变化。表现为受精作用发生前,套细胞、帐篷柱细胞和颈细胞内迅速积累大量淀粉粒,靠近颈卵器周围胚乳细胞中的淀粉粒逐渐被转移而减少。受精作用发生时,套细胞和帐篷柱细胞内淀粉粒代谢迅速,靠近颈卵器周围的胚乳细胞中淀粉粒全部消失,细胞壁呈现皱缩解体现象,颈细胞的细胞壁开始解体。受精作用完成后,套细胞、帐篷柱细胞、颈细胞和颈卵器周围胚乳组织出现相继解体现象;(2)雌配子体胚乳细胞内的淀粉和蛋白质积累可分为胚乳薄壁细胞增殖期、淀粉粒和蛋白质形成期、淀粉粒和蛋白质快速积累期和淀粉粒和蛋白质缓慢积累期;(3)淀粉体由造粉质体发育而来,每个造粉质体可含一到多个淀粉体,以芽孢或中间缢断的方式增殖。蛋白质体存在P1和P2两种形式,其中P1存在于内部的胚乳细胞中,P2存在于外围的糊粉层中。受精作用发生前套细胞、帐篷柱细胞内充满了大量的淀粉体和蛋白质体等营养物质,并分布有较多的线粒体、内质网和小泡等细胞器。
Ginkgo biloba L.’Fozhi ’, a 20-year-old Ginkgo biloba L. core cultivar, was used to study the formation and metabolism of starch and protein during the development of female gametophyte through the observation of microstructure and ultrastructure. The results showed that: (1) During the development of female gametophyte, the accumulation of intracellular starch and protein showed regular changes. The performance of the fertilization before the occurrence of sets of cells, tent cells and rapid accumulation of cervical cells within the large number of starch grains, near the endosperm around the archegonsthetic starch granules gradually reduced. When fertilization occurs, the starch granules in the cells of the covering cells and the tent column are rapidly metabolized, and all the starch grains in the endosperm cells near the archegonis completely disappear, and the cell walls exhibit the collapsing phenomenon, and the cell walls of the cervical cells begin to disintegrate. After fertilization, the endosperm tissue around the cells, tent column cells, cervical cells and archegondests appeared disintegration phenomenon; (2) The accumulation of starch and protein in the endosperm cells of female gametes could be divided into the stages of endosperm parenchyma cell proliferation, starch Grain and protein formation period, rapid accumulation of starch grains and protein, and slow accumulation of starch grains and protein; (3) amyloplasts are derived from plastid plasmids, each of which may contain one or more amyloplasts , To spores or cut off in the middle way proliferation. Proteins exist in two forms P1 and P2, P1 is present in the internal endosperm cells, P2 is present in the peripheral aleurone layer. Before fertilization occurs, the cells of the tent cells are filled with a large amount of nutrients such as amyloplasts and proteins, and more organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles are distributed.