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目的:了解筑养路职工在高原低氧环境下心电图的改变及其意义。方法:对667名不同海拔地区高原养路职工进行心电图检查,对不同海拔地区、年龄、性别及工种进行比较。结果:高原筑养路工心电图异常指标发生率,前十位由高到低依次出现的顺序为:电轴右偏(18.7%)、窦性心律不齐(15.4%)、窦性心动过缓(10.2%)、电轴左偏(6.3%)、不完全性右束支传导阻滞(4.5%)、ST-T异常(3.9%)、窦性心动过速(3.1%)、左室高电压(2.5%)、右室肥厚(2.4%)、左前分支阻滞(2.4%);(20~<30)岁、(30~<40)岁、(40~<50)岁三组ST-T改变随年龄增大而增加,窦性心律不齐及电轴右偏发生率随年龄增大而降低,电轴左偏及右室肥厚发生率随年龄增大而增加;男性左前分支阻滞、不完全性右束支传导阻滞、室性早搏、交界性早搏、肺型P波及房室传导阻滞异常发生率均高于女性,但差别无显著性(P>0.05);工人组窦性心动过缓、窦性心律不齐、左前分支阻滞、房性早搏、室性早搏及房室传导阻滞心电图指标发生率均高于司机组和干部组,但差别无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:长期工作在高原低氧环境下会对高原筑养路职工心肌电生理产生影响,且海拔越高、居住时间越长,影响越大。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of electrocardiogram (ECG) and its significance in construction workers under plateau hypoxia. Methods: Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed on 667 plateau maintenance workers at different altitudes, and compared with different altitudes, ages, sexes and trades. Results: The incidence of ankle abnormality indicators of road construction workers in the plateau was as follows: the right axial deviation (18.7%), sinus arrhythmia (15.4%), sinus bradycardia 10.2%), left deviation (6.3%), incomplete right bundle branch block (4.5%), ST-T abnormality (3.9%), sinus tachycardia (3.1% (2.5%), right ventricular hypertrophy (2.4%), left anterior branch block (2.4%), ST-T Changes with increasing age increased, sinus arrhythmia and right axis deviation occurred with age decreased, left axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy incidence increased with age; male left anterior branch block, Incomplete right bundle branch block, premature ventricular contractions, borderline premature beats, pulmonary P wave and abnormal incidence of atrioventricular block were higher than those in women, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05); workers in group sinus Bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, left anterior branch block, atrial premature beats, ventricular premature beats and atrioventricular block were higher than the incidence of electrocardiographic indicators driver group and cadre group, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05 ). CONCLUSION: Long-term work in the plateau hypoxia environment may affect the electrophysiology of workers in the road maintenance workers. The higher the altitude, the longer the living time, the greater the impact.