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机场生产的规模经济性、范围经济性和成本劣加性,决定了机场经营的区域自然垄断性,以及政府对机场实施一定程度的经济管制。但随着国际航空运输业的放松管制和国内机场业经营环境的改变,经过20世纪90年代以来的改革,中国机场业逐渐从行政管制走向了经济管制,并在成本加成管制方式基础上开始尝试激励性管制,推动了产业市场竞争机制的形成,明显改善了机场产业市场绩效和服务质量。但与发达国家相比,仍然缺乏独立的管制机构及完善的管制法律基础。因此,机场放松管制应与机场企业改革相结合,追求二者的协调发展。
The economies of scale, range economy and cost disadvantage of airport production determine the regional natural monopoly of airport operation and the government’s implementation of a certain degree of economic control over the airport. However, with the deregulation of the international air transport industry and the change of operating environment in the domestic airports, after the reform in the 1990s, the airport industry in China gradually shifted from administrative control to economic control and started on the basis of the cost-plus regulatory approach Attempt of incentive regulation has promoted the formation of competition mechanism in the industrial market and markedly improved market performance and service quality in the airport industry. However, compared with developed countries, there still lacks an independent regulatory body and a sound regulatory legal basis. Therefore, the airport deregulation should be combined with the reform of the airport enterprises, the pursuit of the coordinated development of the two.