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1733年Hales首先用插管方法测定马的股动脉血压,建立了直接测压法。1828年Poiseuille将注满水银的U形管与放置套管的动脉相联结,这样液柱不须升得很高,便可测定血压。至此,毫米汞柱被定为血压测定的标准单位。19世纪末开始采用袖带方法,使动脉暂时关闭,脉搏消失,然后由人工控制血流的通过以测定血压,这种非侵入性间接测压法以后得到推广和发展。较常用的有以下几种。 1905年Korotkoff首先用听诊方法间接测压,又称柯氏音测压法。其基本原理为:当袖带内皮袋压力降至收缩压时,远端的听诊器(放在肱动脉上)听到初出现的声音(柯氏第Ⅰ音)即收缩压,当声音突然变低(柯氏第Ⅲ音末和第Ⅳ音开始)或消失(柯氏第Ⅳ音
In 1733, Hales first measured the femoral arterial blood pressure by cannulation and established the direct manometry. In 1828 Poiseuille linked a mercury-filled U-tube to the cannula-laden arteries so that the fluid column did not have to be raised to measure blood pressure. So far, mmHg was set as the standard unit of blood pressure measurement. The cuff method was used at the end of the 19th century to make the artery temporarily closed and the pulse disappear, and then the blood pressure was measured by the artificial control of the blood flow. This non-invasive indirect manometry method was later promoted and developed. The more commonly used are the following. 1905 Korotkoff first indirect auscultation manometry, also known as Korotkoff sound pressure method. The basic principle is that when the pressure in the cuff endothelial bag drops to systolic pressure, the distal stethoscope (placed on the brachial artery) hears the initial sound (Kirschner’s first sound), ie, the systolic pressure, when the sound suddenly goes low (Keshi Ⅲ end of the sound and the beginning of the fourth tone) or disappear (Korshin IV tone