先天性肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄是导致婴幼儿肾盂积水的常见原因.在没有并发感染、严重影响肾功或形成巨大包块时,常无临床表现。但是,一旦出现腰腹部巨大包块或有急性肾盂感染及肾功损害表现,往往需行紧急肾盂引流,防止肾功进一步受损。经皮肾穿刺造瘘(PCN)是迅速改善肾盂引流以保护肾功的简易有效应急方法。经5例临床应用,均取得良好结果。现将其中3例报告如下。器械与方法器械:8F带芯穿刺针,导管为6F硅塑导管,其前端剪2～3个侧孔。操作方法:病人充分镇静,取侧俯卧位。在患侧12肋下2cm及骶棘肌旁交角处或在超声波定位下确定穿刺点及穿刺方向。局麻后先用8号长针试行穿刺抽吸。一般进针3～5cm,抽出尿液后,于该处切开皮肤约0.5cm,再用8F穿刺针垂直刺入。当通 Congenital ureteropelvic junction stenosis is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and young children, and there is often no clinical manifestation in the absence of concurrent infection that can seriously affect renal function or form a massive mass. However, in the event of massive lumbar and abdominal mass or acute pyelonephritis and renal damage performance, often require urgent renal pelvic drainage to prevent further damage to renal function. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a simple and effective emergency method to rapidly improve renal pelvic drainage to protect renal function. After 5 cases of clinical application, have achieved good results. Now three of them are reported below. Instruments and Methods Instruments: 8F needle with a core, catheter 6F silicone catheter, the front cut 2 to 3 side holes. Method of operation: the patient was fully seated, take the prone position. In the affected side of 12 ribs 2cm and sacral spinous muscle at the corner or at ultrasound positioning to determine the puncture point and puncture direction. After local anesthesia with the first 8 long needle try puncture suction. General into the needle 3 ~ 5cm, after extracting the urine, cut the skin at about 0.5cm, and then piercing the needle 8F vertical. When pass