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温差电是由温差电偶产生的。温差电偶基本上是一个用两种材料不同的金属线组成的线圈,里面有两个接头。如果保持着一个接头的温度不变,在另一个接头上加热,使两个接头有了温度的差别,在线圈里就会有不大的电流产生。金属A和金属B构成了一个闭合电路。接头1和2的温度不同,在电路中就发生了电流。产生这种电流的原因,可以用电子学说来解释:两种不同材科的金属A和B互相接触,金属里的自由电子会通过接触面从A流到B,也会从B流到A。但是因为两种金属里含有自由电子的多少不同,所以平均起来,电子从一种金属流到另一种金属里去的比较多。这样,我们就说有电子从一种金属流到另一种金属里去。如果把金属的温度升高,使电子的行动加怏,由一种金属流到另一种金属里去的电子也会加多。
Thermoelectricity is produced by thermocouples. A thermocouple is basically a coil made of two different metal wires with two connectors inside. If the temperature of one of the connectors is kept constant and the other connector is heated, the temperature difference between the two connectors will cause a small current in the coil. Metal A and metal B form a closed circuit. The temperatures of connectors 1 and 2 are different and the current in the circuit occurs. The reason for this current generation can be explained electronically: Metals A and B of two different materials are in contact with each other, and free electrons in the metal flow from A to B through the contact surface and also from B to A. However, because two metals contain different free electrons, on average, electrons flow from one metal to another. In this way, we say that electrons flow from one metal to another. If the temperature of the metal is increased and the electronic action is increased, the amount of electrons flowing from one metal to another metal will increase.