论文部分内容阅读
本文回顾了建国以来,尤其是近十年来蔬菜种质资源科学研究所取得的成就,包括地方品种的搜集、保存、鉴定、利用、野生资源考察和国外引种。我国栽培的蔬菜种类有200余种,常见的有110种,其中起源于我国的有50余种。近年来国家组织全国20多个省、市、自治区的科研单位征集到蔬菜地方品种万余份,并分批存入国家种质资源长期贮存库及相应的数据库;国家还组织了13个科研、教学单位对大白菜、黄瓜、辣椒、菜豆4种蔬菜共5000份地方品种进行营养品质和13种病害的抗病性鉴定。十年来仅我所就引进国外品种5000余份,有些良种已在生产上直接利用,有些作为抗病材料用于育种。通过云南、西藏、湖北神农架地区的蔬菜种质资源考察,搜集到一批珍贵的地方品种和近缘野生种,丰富了我国的蔬菜种质资源。近期内其研究方向仍以搜集、保存、鉴定、利用为主。
This article reviews the achievements of the scientific research on vegetable germplasm resources since the founding of the People’s Republic, especially the collection, preservation, identification and utilization of local varieties, the investigation of wild resources and the introduction abroad. There are more than 200 species of vegetables cultivated in our country, with 110 common species, of which more than 50 species originated from China. In recent years, more than 10,000 local varieties of vegetables have been collected by scientific research units of more than 20 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in national organizations of the country and are stored in batches in the long-term national repository of germplasm resources and corresponding databases. The state also organized 13 scientific research, Teaching units of Chinese cabbage, cucumber, peppers, beans, a total of four kinds of vegetables and 5000 kinds of local varieties of nutritional quality and disease resistance of 13 kinds of identification. In the past decade alone, I have introduced more than 5,000 foreign varieties, some of which have been directly used in production and some used as disease-resistant materials for breeding. Through the investigation of vegetable germplasm resources in Yunnan, Tibet and Shennongjia in Hubei Province, a group of precious local varieties and related wild species were collected, enriching the germplasm resources of our country. In the near future, its research direction is still to collect, preserve, appraisal, use-based.