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语言演变研究中的目的论历史久远,可以分为传统目的论和现当代目的论。传统目的论主要盛行于19世纪历史与比较语言学时期,由于当时的语言学家将语言实体化,故陷入达尔文悖论的陷阱,目的论则是其研究的必然归宿。现当代的功能性目的论由于其理论上的权宜性,因而存在严重的逻辑缺陷。与此相对照,当代语言演变研究由于明确定位语言变化带领者,加之将齐一性原则落到实处,故有效地应对了达尔文悖论和历史悖论所带来的相关挑战,从而彻底摆脱目的论对语言演变研究的困扰。
Teleology in the study of language evolution has a long history and can be divided into traditional teleology and modern teleology. Traditional teleology mainly prevailed in the history and comparative linguistics of the 19th century. Due to the fact that linguists at that time turned the language into reality, it fell into the trap of Darwin’s paradox. Skopos theory was the inevitable result of its study. Due to its theoretical expediency, the modern functional teleology has serious logical flaws. In contrast, the study of contemporary language evolution clearly locates the leaders of linguistic change and, in addition, puts the principle of unity into practice, so it effectively copes with the relevant challenges brought by Darwin’s paradox and historical paradox so as to completely get rid of the goal On the Problems of the Study of Linguistic Evolution.