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19世纪30年代,托克维尔游历美国。根据《论美国的民主》中的记载,当时美国的物质生产与精神生产和当下中国流行的“山寨文化”[1]十分暗合。托克维尔认为此种平民化的“山寨文化”有粗鄙化的嫌疑,但其通过大规模的生产,打破了旧有的等级秩序,满足了更多人的需求。进而,身份平等对民主的意义在价值序列上应排在防止“多数暴政”的危险性前面。通过对比当时的中国,托克维尔发现,正是缺乏持续的创新意识,才阻断了中国文明前进的步伐。
Tocqueville traveled to the United States in the 1830s. According to the article “On Democracy in America,” the material production and the “spiritual culture” of the United States at that time were quite in stark contrast to the popular “cottage culture” in China today [1]. Tocqueville believes that such a civilian culture “cottage culture” has the vulgar suspicion, but through large-scale production, breaking the old hierarchical order to meet the needs of more people. Furthermore, the significance of equality for democracy in the value sequence should be ranked in front of the danger of preventing “tyranny”. By comparing China at that time, Tocqueville found that it was precisely the lack of continuous awareness of innovation that blocked the progress of Chinese civilization.