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清代的八旗兵和余丁通常被称为“正身旗人”或“旗人”,是满族的主要成员。对旗兵和余丁的情况,过去流传着一些错误的看法,如:满族“全民皆兵”;旗兵“吃钱粮”,有旗地,脱离生产,奢侈腐化;入关以后,满族都是统治阶级,满族内部没有阶级斗争;等等。澄清这些误解,阐明旗兵与余丁的劳动生产和斗争,将对满族历史的研究有一定意义。本文谨在这方面提出一些看法,请教于同志们。
The Eight Banners and Yu Ding in the Qing dynasty were often referred to as “masculine” or “banner people” and were the main members of the Manchus. As for the situation of the Qibing and Yuding, there were some erroneous views circulating in the past, such as the Manchuria’s “all the people and the army”; the Qiubing’s “eating and serving grain and grain”; the flag was taken off from production and the luxury was corrupted; after the entry into the border, the Manchus were ruling classes There is no class struggle within Manchu; and so on. To clarify these misunderstandings and clarify the labor production and struggle between the flag soldiers and Yu Ding will make some sense to the study of Manchu history. This article just put forward some views in this regard, consult with comrades.