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【目的】探讨孕前体质量指数（body mass index ，BMI）及孕期体质量增长对早产的影响。【方法】选择2013年4月至2014年4月本院住院分娩单胎产妇7862例，收集孕妇的孕前体质量、身高、分娩时体质量数据，计算 BMI 和孕期体质量增长。比较孕前不同 BMI 及孕期体质量增长的早产发生率。【结果】孕前低体质量组和超重组早产发生率明显高于正常体质量组；孕期不同体质量增长孕妇＜7 kg 者及＞12．7 kg 者早产发生率显著高于孕期体质量增长在7～12．7 kg 之间者，差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】孕前体质量正常及孕期体质量增长在7～12．7 kg 之间者的孕妇早产发生率较低，围生期适宜的体质量管理可降低早产的发生。“,”Objective] To explore the effects of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain on preterm labor .[Methods] During April 2013 to April 2014 ,a total of 7 ,862 pregnant women with singleton delivery were recruited .And there were 624 cases of preterm birth .The values of pre‐pregnan‐cy weight ,late pregnancy weight and height were collected for calculating body mass index and pregnancy weight gain .Based upon pre‐pregnancy BMI ,they were categorized into underweight (BMI < 18 .50 kg/m2 ) , normal weight (BMI = 18 .50 ~ 24 .99 kg /m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 .00 kg/m2 ) .And the odds of pre‐term birth were compared by Chi‐squared test .[Results] The rates of preterm birth for underweight and over‐weight women were higher than that of ideal weight counterparts ( P < 0 .05) .And the rate of preterm birth for women with weight gain 12 .7kg were higher than those with weight gain of 7 ~ 12 .7 kg( P< 0 .05) .[Conclusion] Lower gestational weight gain may decrease the incidence of spontaneous preterm labor among overweight and obese women . And optimal weight management reduces the occurrence of preterm birth .