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服务贸易总协定是世界贸易组织的三大支柱之一。世贸组织成员关于服务贸易的义务除了受总协定的规范外,亦取决于各成员通过具体承诺减让表承担的责任。这就使得如何解释服务贸易总协定和具体承诺减让表成为事关服务贸易市场开放程度和进度的问题。美国赌博案是少数直接涉及服务贸易总协定的案件,故引起国际社会的极大关注。本文通过评析美国赌博案的专家组和上诉机构报告,分析多边服务贸易制度下具体承诺减让表的法律地位、解释具体承诺的参考文件、市场准入条款与限制性国内法规的关系、适用公共道德和公共秩序例外条款的条件和标准等,从而折射出服务贸易总协定面对的挑战和各成员的应对策略。
GATS is one of the three pillars of the World Trade Organization. The obligations of WTO members on trade in services depend not only on the GATT norms, but also on the responsibilities of members through specific commitments schedules. This makes the issue of how to interpret the GATS and the concrete commitment schedules as issues related to the opening up and progress of the service trade market. The gambling case in the United States is one of the few cases directly involved in the General Agreement on Trade in Services, which has drawn the great attention of the international community. This article examines the legal status of the Schedules of Specific Commitments under the Multilateral Service Trade System, the reference documents explaining specific commitments, the relationship between market access clauses and restrictive domestic laws and regulations, by appraising the reports of panelists and appellate bodies in the United States gambling case, Morality and public order exceptions to the conditions and standards, which reflects the GATS challenges faced and members of the coping strategies.