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80年代里,为了提高工业竞争力,国家和国际的技术发展计划增多了。在市场经济中,工业研究开发主要由私营企业执行,所以对大多数国家乃至国际机构來说,公共拨款是支持这种努力的最主要的手段。为此,运用于这些项目的拨款策略理应受到格外重视。但是,因为有不同的预算、通过税收减免的间接支持和其它补贴类目,所以一般很难对政府给予研究开发活动的财政支持作出准确估量。本文只集中分析政府对国家计划内工业研究开发项目的直接拨款的基本原则和策略,而不管其绝对水平。
In the 1980s, in order to enhance industrial competitiveness, national and international technological development plans have increased. In a market economy, industrial research and development are mainly carried out by the private sector. Therefore, for most countries and even international agencies, public funding is the most important means of supporting such efforts. For this reason, the funding strategy applied to these projects deserves special attention. However, because of different budgets, indirect tax relief and other subsidy categories, it is generally difficult to make accurate estimates of the government’s financial support for research and development activities. This article focuses only on the basic principles and tactics of the government’s direct appropriation of industrial research and development projects under national programs, regardless of their absolute level.