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目的比较本地某有色金属企业不同接尘岗位工人的肺功能情况,研究吸烟对其肺功能及X射线胸片的影响。方法对1 613名不同接尘工人的肺功能进行测定,并分成井下、炼解、运输、其他4个岗位作比较。分为吸烟组及不吸烟组与对照组进行肺功能、X射线胸片比较。结果不同接尘岗位中,井下工人肺功能损害较大,用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、肺活量50%时流速与肺活量25%时流速比值(V50/V25)、最大呼气中段流速(MMEF)均有明显下降(P<0.05)。其他岗位接尘工人肺功能情况在此次调查中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。井下工人中吸烟者的FEV1、MMEF、V50/V25均显著低于非吸烟者(P<0.05)。与对照组吸烟者比较,井下工人吸烟者的FEV1、MMEF、V50/V25亦有明显下降(P<0.05)。胸片检查井下工人吸烟者的肺气肿、肺间质改变、肺结核、尘肺检出率均显著高于非吸烟者(P<0.05);与对照组吸烟者比较,井下工人吸烟者的肺气肿、肺间质改变、肺结核、尘肺检出率亦显著增高(P<0.05)。结论该企业不同接尘岗位中,以井下工人肺功能损害较大,且吸烟可加速井下接尘工人肺功能的损害,更易导致肺部疾病的发生。
Objective To compare the lung function of workers in different non-ferrous metals enterprises in China with dust exposure and investigate the influence of smoking on lung function and X-ray. Methods Pulmonary function of 1 613 workers with different dust exposure was measured and divided into underground, refinery and transportation, and the other 4 posts were compared. Divided into smoking group and non-smoking group and control group for lung function, X-ray comparison. Results In the different positions of dust exposure, the downhole workers suffered from greater impairment of lung function with maximum forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume of 1 second (FEV1), flow rate at 50% of vital capacity and V25 / V25 of vital capacity, The middle expiratory flow rate (MMEF) decreased significantly (P <0.05). Pulmonary function of workers exposed to dust in other positions was not significantly different in this survey (P> 0.05). Smokers in the downhole workers had significantly lower FEV1, MMEF, V50 / V25 than non-smokers (P <0.05). Compared with smokers in the control group, FEV1, MMEF and V50 / V25 in smokers downhole were also significantly decreased (P <0.05). Chest examination of downhole workers smokers emphysema, interstitial lung changes, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis detection rate was significantly higher than non-smokers (P <0.05); compared with smokers in the control group, underground workers Smoker's lung Swollen, interstitial lung changes, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis detection rate was also significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusion In different positions of dust exposure in this enterprise, the lung function damage of downhole workers is greater, and smoking can speed up the damage of lung function of miners exposed to dust in the underground, which may lead to the occurrence of lung diseases more easily.