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该研究主要采用AFLP技术结合PopGene32和NTSYSpc2.1软件分析了我国西北地区5省14地103份梭梭的遗传多样性。结果表明:梭梭群体总的多态位点百分率为94.13%,5个省居群平均Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.308 0,Shannon’s多态性信息指数(I)为0.467 6,说明梭梭种群内遗传多样性较高。基因分化系数(Gst)为0.313 8,即68.62%的遗传变异来自省内,31.38%的遗传变异来自省间。5个省间的基因流(Nm)为1.093 5,其基因流属于风媒异交植物的特征。AMOVA分析表明,梭梭89.34%的遗传变异出现在省内,仅有10.66%的遗传变异发生在省与省之间,进一步分析得知省内的遗传变异主要发生在各采样点居群间(84.80%)。依据Nei’s遗传距离对不同居群进行UPGMA聚类分析,得知新疆和青海的梭梭样品和其他各省相比其遗传关系较远且各自聚为一支,而甘肃、内蒙古和宁夏产区的样品遗传关系较近聚为一支。总之,我国梭梭种群遗传多样性较高,各地区之间的遗传分化较小,现阶段该物种的种内丰度较高。因此,加强不同地区的梭梭种质繁育和人工种植推广可以有效的保护野生梭梭资源并实现可持续利用。
This study mainly analyzed the genetic diversity of Haloxylon ammodendron (Haloxylon ammodendron) from 103 sites in 14 provinces of China’s 5 provinces in northwestern China using AFLP technology combined with PopGene32 and NTSYSpc2.1 software. The results showed that the percentage of total polymorphic loci in the population of Haloxylon ammodendron was 94.13%, the average Nei’s gene diversity index (H) was 0.308 0 and the Shannon’s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.467 6 in 5 provinces. The genetic diversity within the shuttle population is high. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.313 8, which means that 68.62% of the genetic variation came from the province and 31.38% of the genetic variation came from the province. The gene flow (Nm) among 5 provinces was 1.093 5, and its gene flow belonged to the characteristic of the wind-blown outcrossing plants. AMOVA analysis showed that 89.34% of the genetic variation in Haloxylon ammodendron appeared in the province, and only 10.66% of the genetic variation occurred in the province and between provinces. Further analysis showed that the genetic variation in the province occurred mainly among the populations 84.80%). According to Nei’s genetic distance, UPGMA clustering analysis of different populations showed that Haloxylonin Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces had more genetic relationship and clustered together than other provinces, while the samples in Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Close to one genetic relationship. In conclusion, the population of Haloxylon ammodendron in China has higher genetic diversity and less genetic differentiation among different regions. At present, the intraspecific abundance of this species is high. Therefore, to strengthen the promotion and cultivation of Haloxylon ammodendron in different areas can effectively protect the wild Haloxylon resources and achieve sustainable utilization.