通过了解某农村社区居民的吸烟、饮酒状况，探索它们的影响因素，为加强自我保健知识的宣传提供参考。采用横断面研究和问卷调查方式，对与吸烟、饮酒有关的项目进行研究。结果，男性吸烟率为 ４６３％ ，男女之间吸烟率有显著性差异；初次吸烟年龄平均 ２４ 岁左右；在对吸烟的认识态度上吸烟与不吸烟组有差异。男性饮酒率为 ４７０％ ，男女间有显著性差异；饮酒者以每天都饮酒者占大多数；饮酒与不饮酒者对饮酒的态度有显著性差异；吸烟与饮酒间存在正相关关系。结果表明，我国农村某社区居民的吸烟与饮酒现状不容乐观，应大力加强戒烟、控酒的宣传教育工作。 By understanding the smoking and drinking status of residents in a rural community and exploring their influential factors, it provides a reference for strengthening the publicity of self-care knowledge. Using cross-sectional studies and questionnaires, we studied smoking and drinking related items. As a result, the male smoking rate was 463%, smoking rate was significantly different between men and women; the average age of first-time smokers was about 24 years old; there was a difference in smoking attitude and non-smoking group. Male alcohol drinking rate was 47  0%, there was a significant difference between men and women; drinkers every day to drink the majority; drinking and non-drinkers have a significant difference in drinking attitude; there is a positive correlation between smoking and drinking. The results show that the smoking and drinking status of residents in a rural community in our country is not optimistic. Publicity and education on smoking cessation and alcohol control should be vigorously strengthened.