论文部分内容阅读
旧石器时代晚期至全新世发生了广泛而迅速的动物群更替,为研究动物群对快速环境变化的反应提供了有益的信息。自中新世以来中亚地区一直是欧亚大陆向更开阔和干旱环境转变的焦点。利用已发表的俄罗斯贝加尔湖和阿尔泰山区域旧石器时代晚期的文献资料,通过对大型食草动物臼齿齿冠高度、食性和体型大小的分析,绘制了环境变化图。结果表明,在旧石器时代最晚期(晚冰期),平均齿冠高度、平均体型大小均有所减小,食物取向从食草向食树叶转变,这意味着气候变得温暖,降雨量增加,森林也有可能扩展。常见种(出现于超过25%的地点)更强烈地表现出这一趋势。齿冠高度随海拔高度而增大,提示降雨量减少。从齿冠高度得出的降雨量数值与根据其他指标所估算的数值之间的偏差可能随海拔高度而增大。影响西伯利亚南部猛犸象动物群消亡的主要变化可能开始于末次冰期冰盛期(LGM)之后。猛犸象和奇蹄动物出现频率的降低与大型哺乳动物的绝灭相一致,它们和偶蹄类的差异则反映了气候的变化。人类的过度开发可能给区域环境带来了更大的压力,使得哺乳动物的种群数量下降,导致它们更迅速地绝灭。
Extensive and rapid fauna swarms occurred from the Late Paleolithic to the Holocene, providing useful information for studying the response of fauna to rapid environmental changes. Central Asia has been the focus of the transformation of Eurasia to a more open and arid environment since the Miocene. Based on the published literature of the late Palaeolithic in the Baikal and Altai regions in Russia, the environmental changes were drawn by analyzing the height, feeding habits and body size of molars of large herbivores. The results showed that in the late Paleolithic (late glacial period), the average crown height and average body size decreased, and food orientation changed from herbivorous to herbivorous leaves, which meant that the climate became warmer and rainfall increased, The forest is also likely to expand. Common species (appearing in more than 25% of locations) show this trend more strongly. Crown height increases with altitude, suggesting a decrease in rainfall. Deviations between the values of rainfall obtained from crown height and those estimated from other indicators may increase with altitude. Major changes affecting the demise of mammoth fauna in southern Siberia may begin after the last Ice Age (LGM). The reduction in the frequency of occurrence of mammoths and chordates is consistent with the extinction of large mammals, and their differences with cloven-hoofs reflect changes in climate. Overexploitation of humankind can put more strain on the regional environment, causing the population of mammals to decline, causing them to extinction more rapidly.