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以Ni粉和Al粉(摩尔比1∶1)为原料,采用冷压-烧结法制备了Ni-Al含能结构材料(ESM)。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、万能试验机和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了烧结温度对Ni-Al含能结构材料力学性能和能量密度等的影响;并通过Φ14.5 mm弹道枪发射装置、准密闭冲击反应系统和高速摄像系统研究了其在不同冲击引发速度下的能量释放行为。结果表明:烧结温度从510℃上升至550℃时,含能结构材料强度提高,但其能量密度降低;烧结温度为550℃时,可获得强度和能量密度俱佳的Ni-Al含能结构材料,其拉伸和压缩强度分别为66.0和294.6 MPa,能量密度为436.1 J·g~(-1)。Ni-Al含能结构材料在高速冲击碰撞作用下能够发生剧烈化学反应并伴随大量的能量释放,且随着冲击引发速度的提高,能量输出率增大,反应剧烈程度增加。其冲击引发速度阈值为974 m·s~(-1)。
Ni-Al energy-saving structural material (ESM) was prepared by cold-pressure sintering method using Ni powder and Al powder (molar ratio of 1: 1) as raw materials. The effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and energy density of Ni-Al energetic materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), universal testing machine and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) Gun launching device, quasi-airtight impact reaction system and high-speed camera system were studied at different impact-induced energy release rate. The results show that the energy density of the energy structure material increases with the increase of the sintering temperature from 510 ℃ to 550 ℃, but the energy density decreases. When the sintering temperature is 550 ℃, the Ni-Al energy-efficient structural material with excellent strength and energy density The tensile strength and compressive strength are 66.0 and 294.6 MPa respectively, and the energy density is 436.1 J · g -1. Ni-Al energetic materials can undergo violent chemical reactions with a large amount of energy release under high-speed impact and collisions, and as the impact initiation rate increases, the energy output rate increases and the reaction intensity increases. The attack initiation speed threshold is 974 m · s -1.