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人与制度(包括正式制度、非正式制度及实施机制)的互动关系是新制度经济学研究的重点和难点。人与制度关系研究的重心是非正式制度。西方主流经济学研究人与制度的关系存在较大的局限性,他们重视了对物的有效配置研究,而忽视了对人的潜力的发挥的研究。行为经济学关于异质的人假设、人类演化的分析及对人类的意识、信念及意识形态的研究为我们研究人与制度的关系提供了可行路径。中国的非正式规则与市场经济之间存在冲突,这是我国市场化改革中诸多问题产生的深层次原因。为此要从社会主义核心价值观入手,构建我国适应社会主义市场经济的非正式制度,从而为我国适应市场经济的正式制度建立提供支撑条件;实现从人格化交换到非人格化交换的转换,构建人与制度互动关系的良性机制;重构我国市场化改革的组织构架缓解非正式规则与市场经济之间存在的冲突。
The interaction between people and system (including formal system, informal system and implementation mechanism) is the key and difficult point of the research of new institutional economics. The focus of research on the relationship between people and the system is an informal one. The relationship between the Western mainstream economics researchers and the system has great limitations. They have paid great attention to the research on the effective allocation of things, while neglected the research on the potential of human beings. Behavioral economics The hypothesis of heterogeneous people, the analysis of human evolution and the study of human consciousness, belief and ideology provide a feasible way for us to study the relationship between people and institutions. There are conflicts between informal rules and market economy in China, which are the deep-seated reasons for many problems in the marketization reform in our country. Therefore, starting from the core values of socialism, we should construct an informal system of our country to adapt to the socialist market economy so as to provide supportive conditions for the establishment of a formal system for our country to adapt to a market economy. To achieve the conversion from personification to impersonalization, The benign mechanism of institutional interaction; the reconstruction of organizational structure of market-oriented reforms in our country to ease the conflict between informal rules and market economy.