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目的监测分析2004-2013年玉溪市麻疹病例与人群血清抗体,为预防控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法对玉溪市2004-2013年麻疹病例进行流行病学调查分析,采集人群血样标本,并用ELISA检测血清麻疹IgG抗体。结果全市共报告麻疹疑似病例1 086例和确诊病例457例,年均发病率为1.99/10万,发病率高峰在每年12月至次年2月,占总病例的43.55%(199/457),最高发病率(5.11/10万)、最低发病率(0.13/10万)分别在2005和2010年,发病率最高为红塔区5.75/10万,最低为通海县0.65/10万;2004-2008年病例数占83.81%,2009-2013年病例数占16.19%;散居儿童病例占发病数的42.67%,年龄小于14岁病例占78.34%。常住人口、流动人口病例数分别为222例和235例,年均发病率分别为1.06/10万和11.75/10万(χ2=1047.43,P<0.05)。19 010人群各年麻疹血清抗体阳性率范围是90.06%~97.62%,保护率范围为71.60%~87.72%;麻疹组份疫苗免疫1、2、3和4剂次保护率分别为74.49%、87.38%、87.72%和95.01%(χ2=462.402,P<0.05),接种1剂次与2、3、4剂次和2、3剂次与4剂次差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麻疹病例数总体呈下降趋势,有季节、区域、人群分布差异,增加人群麻疹组分疫苗免疫剂次的策略有预防意义,强化免疫的成本效益值得探讨。
Objective To monitor and analyze the serum antibodies of measles cases and populations from 2004 to 2013 in Yuxi, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles. Methods Epidemiological survey of measles cases in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2013 was conducted. Blood samples were collected from the crowd and serum IgG was detected by ELISA. Results A total of 1 086 measles cases and 457 confirmed cases were reported in the city, with an average annual incidence of 1.99 / 100 000. The incidence peaked from December to February of each year, accounting for 43.55% (199/457) of the total cases. , The highest incidence (5.11 / 100000), the lowest incidence (0.13 / 100000) respectively in 2005 and 2010, the highest incidence was Hongta District 5.75 / 100000, the lowest was Tonghai County 0.65 / 100000; 2004-2008 The annual number of cases accounted for 83. 81%, 2009-2013, the number of cases accounted for 16.19%; diaspora cases accounted for 42.67% of the number of cases, less than 14 years of age accounted for 78.34%. The number of resident and migrant cases was 222 and 235, respectively, with an average annual incidence of 1.06 / 100,000 and 11.75 / 100,000, respectively (χ2 = 1047.43, P <0.05). The positive rate of measles serum antibody in each population was 90.06% -97.62% in 19 010 population, and ranged from 71.60% to 87.72%. The protection rates of measles vaccine components 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 74.49% and 87.38% %, 87.72% and 95.01%, respectively (χ2 = 462.402, P <0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The number of cases of measles is on the whole declining trend. There are differences in the distribution of seasons, regions and populations. The strategy of increasing the population of measles vaccine components is of preventive significance. The cost-effectiveness of immunization should be explored.