镍(Ni)是从本世纪初才得迅速发展的金属,是不锈钢和高温、高强度合金钢等合金材料的重要组份,是军事和民用工业不可缺少的重要金属材料。人类很早就知道如何利用自然界中的镍矿物。在公元前我国劳动人民就知道使用镍锌、镍铜合金,古代云南出产的“白铜”中就含有很高的镍。而国外直到1851年瑞典科学家克朗斯塔才制得了金属镍,但大规模工业生产镍却还是近百年来的事。我国镍工业起步于1953年,利用有色金属矿的冶炼副产品加工生产出镍产品,其后又进口镍钴原料进行了较大规模的工业生产。近年来我国镍工业处于迅速发展的新时期,电镍年产量已达数万吨,形成了比较完整的镍工业体系。镍在地壳中的平均含量约为5.8×10~(-3)％左 Nickel (Ni) is a metal that has been rapidly developed since the beginning of this century. It is an important component of stainless steel, alloy materials such as high-temperature and high-strength alloy steel, and is an indispensable important metal material for military and civilian industries. Humans have long known how to use nickel minerals in nature. The working people in our country knew the use of nickel-zinc and nickel-copper alloys in BC and the “white copper” produced in ancient Yunnan contained a very high amount of nickel. And abroad until 1851, the Swedish scientist Kronstadt produced nickel metal, but the large-scale industrial production of nickel is still a matter of nearly a century. Nickel industry in China started in 1953, the use of non-ferrous metal smelting by-products processing to produce nickel products, and later imported nickel and cobalt raw materials for large-scale industrial production. In recent years, China’s nickel industry is in a new period of rapid development, annual production of nickel has reached tens of thousands of tons, forming a relatively complete nickel industrial system. The average nickel content in the crust is about 5.8 × 10 -3% left