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道德是德性与规范的统一。如果说规范侧重外在规则、秩序、制度,德性则直指人内心。西方诸多伦理学家,如亚里士多德、麦金泰尔等,通过德性与人性、德性与共同体关系的论证,把德性建立在理性基础上。本文以非理性因素作为分析对象,论证其作为德性构成的重要因素之一。原因有三:其一,在人类早期共同体生活中,其道德意识、道德情感事出自然。其二,人类德性中诸如情感等非理性因素,是理性的直觉,使向善、理性成为可能。其三,德性倘若没有情感等非理性因素,便不再完备。
Morality is the unity of virtue and norm. If the norms focus on external rules, order, system, morality is directed at people’s heart. Many Western ethicists, such as Aristotle and MacIntyre, set the virtue on the basis of rationality through the demonstration of the relationship between virtue and human nature, virtue and community. In this paper, irrational factors as the analysis object, demonstrate its as one of the important factors of virtue. There are three reasons for this: First, in the early communal life of mankind, its moral consciousness and moral emotion are natural. Second, irrational factors such as emotion in human morality are rational intuitions that make goodness and rationality possible. Third, if there is no moral and other irrational factors such as emotion, it will no longer be perfect.