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从双端供电系统出发，对目前许多有小型水电站并网运行的农村配电网络在丰水期间线损较大的现象进行了详细的理论分析。结果表明：当水电站发电功率小于某一临界值Ｓｃｒ时，小型水电站的运行有利于该网络降损；Ｓｃｒ取决于水电站与负荷中心的距离ｌ和该线路的截面Ｓ，即愈小或Ｓ愈大，则Ｓｃｒ愈大。此外，还应用拉格朗日乘数法推导出使网损电能最少时的水电站无功调度的最优公式，进而提出了小水电站运行的农村电网降损措施。
Starting from the two-terminal power supply system, a detailed theoretical analysis is made on the phenomenon that the rural power distribution network with large-scale hydropower stations grid-connected and operated in the flood period has a large line loss. The results show that when the hydropower generation power is less than a certain critical value Scr, the operation of a small hydropower station is conducive to the network loss; Scr depends on the distance l between the hydropower station and the load center and the section S of the line, ie, , The larger the Scr. In addition, Lagrange multiplier method is also used to deduce the optimal formula for reactive power dispatching of hydropower stations with the least loss of network energy. Then the measures to reduce losses of rural power grids for small hydropower stations are proposed.