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本文着重探讨红粘土红壤化学和生物学肥力在利用过程中的演化特征，并通过聚类分析筛选出评价红壤化学和生物学肥力演化的指标，并进行了相应的评价。结果表明：红粘土红壤的林草地及荒地系统由于长期受侵蚀淋溶等退化过程的影响，土壤养分水平已跌至“谷底”值。垦殖利用后，其化学肥力随着耕垦熟化过程不断提高，表现为土壤中各种速效养分及交换性Ca、Mg含量均增加，而交换性Al含量降低。同样，林草地系统红粘土红壤的生物学肥力较低；耕垦利用后，其生物学肥力也随着熟化过程而提高，表现为增加土壤有机质含量、改善腐殖质品质和提高土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性。交换性阳离子组成、养分全量及速效含量可作为评价红粘土红壤化学肥力演化的指标。而土壤有机质、HA、微生物总数、微生物生物量碳、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性是评价红粘土红壤生物学肥力演化最重要的指标。
This paper focuses on the evolutionary characteristics of chemical and biological fertility of red clay soils in the process of utilization, and selects and evaluates the index of chemical and biological fertility evolution of red soil by cluster analysis. The results showed that the soil nutrient level of the grassland and wasteland system in red clay red soil had dropped to the “bottom” due to the long-term erosion and leaching process. After reclamation and utilization, its chemical fertility increased with the progress of land reclamation and reclamation. The contents of various available nutrients and exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil increased, while the exchangeable Al content decreased. Similarly, the biological fertility of the red clay red soil was lower in the forest and grassland system. After fertilization and utilization, the biological fertility of the red clay soil increased with the maturation process. The results showed that soil organic matter content, soil humus quality, soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme active. Exchangeable cation composition, total nutrient content and available content can be used as indicators to evaluate the chemical fertility evolution of red clay soil. Soil organic matter, HA, total number of microbes, microbial biomass carbon, urease and acid phosphatase activities were the most important indicators to evaluate the evolution of biological fertility in red clay soil.