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翰林学士不仅长于词学,亦须擅书。作为近臣,他们是最了解皇帝审美趣味的人,其书法风格也多与皇帝保持一致。纵观中国书法史,历代皆有其官方用字,可称之为官样。不同的朝代,其官样也各具特色,如唐宋时期,馆阁中人以写楷书为主,而翰林院的侍书、学士们却习惯于写院体行书。“院体”一词,其含义有二：一是院体画的简称,指两宋画院及其后宫廷画家的绘画,其风格为讲法度、尚写实,布局严谨、典雅华丽,院体画家受宫廷审美观点的支配和影响,逐步形成了与文人画、民间画相对的风格；二是指一个书法流派,但现有的书法论著及工具书对这个概念未作出明确的解释,往往只说院体是宋代的书法流派,特点是体势弱、乏神韵等,对院体的渊源没有交代清楚。其实,院体形成于唐代中期,是人们在学习王羲之行书过程中产生的一个书法流派,因最先出现干翰林院而得名。院体经过五代,一直延续到两宋,对宋代的书法发展也颇有影响。作为一个持续了二百多年的书法流派,我们有必要对它的具体情况加以关注。
Hanlin bachelor is not only longer than Ci Xue, but also good at writing. As close minister, they are the people who know best about the aesthetic taste of the emperor, and their calligraphy styles are more consistent with the emperor. Throughout the history of Chinese calligraphy, ancient times have their official use of words, can be called official style. Different dynasties, the official sample also has its own characteristics, such as the Tang and Song Dynasties, pavilions writers to write the main script, and Hanlin hospital’s service book, the bachelor are accustomed to writing hospital line. The term “courtyard” has its meanings in two aspects. First, the abbreviation of courtyard painting refers to the paintings of the Song Dynasty and later court painters. The style of the painting is style, realistic, well-structured, elegant and gorgeous. Influenced by the court’s aesthetic point of view, and gradually formed a style of contrast with the literati painting, folk painting; second refers to a calligraphy genre, but the existing calligraphy and reference books on the concept did not make a clear explanation, often only say The courtyard is the genre of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty, which is characterized by the weakness of the body, lack of charm and so on, without explaining the origin of the courtyard. In fact, the courtyard was formed in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, is a calligraphy genre produced in the process of Wang Xizhi’s study, which is named after the first appearance of the Han Academy. After five generations of the hospital body, has been extended to the two Song Dynasty, calligraphy development in the Song Dynasty also quite influential. As a calligraphy genre that lasted more than 200 years, we need to pay attention to its specific situation.