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禾本科布氏白粉菌引起的小麦白粉病是造成小麦显著减产的主要病害之一。小麦的野生近缘种植物十倍体长穗偃麦草(2n=10x=70)携带有抗白粉病基因。为了进一步研究长穗偃麦草携带的抗白粉病基因,本研究对普通小麦-长穗偃麦草异代换系A1-2-2-2进行形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学、分子标记及原位杂交(GISH)鉴定分析。结果表明,A1-2-2-2在苗期和成株期均对白粉病表现为免疫;减数分裂中期染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;分子标记鉴定结果表明,A1-2-2-2可能缺失了1对普通小麦的6A染色体;原位杂交结果表明,A1-2-2-2可能携带1对来自十倍体长穗偃麦草的St染色体。综上所述,A1-2-2-2可能为小麦的6A染色体被长穗偃麦草的1对St染色体取代的异代换系。另外,A1-2-2-2表现为毛颖,而双亲均表现为光颖,推测光颖由6A染色体上的基因控制。
Gramineae powdery mildew caused by wheat powdery mildew is one of the major diseases causing significant yield reduction of wheat. The wild relatives of wheat, ten-day-old Agropyron elongatum (2n = 10x = 70), carried the powdery mildew resistance gene. In order to further study the resistance gene of powdery mildew carried by Eriosphae E. Elongatus, morphological, powdery mildew resistance, cytology and molecular markers of the Alien substitution lines A1-2-2-2 In situ hybridization (GISH) identification analysis. The results showed that A1-2-2-2 was immunized against powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stage. The chromosome configuration of mid-meiosis was 2n = 21Ⅱ. The molecular marker identification showed that A1-2-2-2 One pair of 6A chromosomes of common wheat may be missing; in situ hybridization results indicate that A1-2-2-2 may carry one pair of St chromosomes from ten-day-old Agropyron elongatum. Taken together, A1-2-2-2 may be the one-stranded allelic substitution of 6A chromosome in wheat. In addition, A1-2-2-2 showed Mao Ying, while both parents showed light Ying, presumably Guangying by the gene on the 6A chromosome control.