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目的分析延边州出生缺陷发生情况,为采取有效措施降低延边州出生缺陷发生率提供理论依据。方法收集2008年10月1日-2013年9月30日在延边州14家出生缺陷监测医院分娩的围产儿及出生缺陷儿的资料,并进行相关信息的分析。结果 2008年10月1日-2013年9月30日5年间延边州出生缺陷发生率为123.88/万,维持在较平稳的水平,城乡间出生缺陷发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05),男胎出生缺陷发生率高于女胎(P<0.01),高危孕龄孕产妇(<20岁或≥35岁)出生缺陷发生率高于适龄组(P<0.01)。出生缺陷发生顺位前5位依次为先心病、多指趾、总唇裂、脑积水、外耳畸形。早期新生儿死亡中出生缺陷儿死亡率为26.56%(81/305),占早期新生儿死因首位。缺陷儿中围产儿死亡率为29.59%(221/747),较正常儿围产儿死亡率(0.82%)显著增高。孕中期(不满28周)发现并终止妊娠的出生缺陷占全部出生缺陷的18.54%。结论加强孕前及孕期保健,提高产前筛查水平,是有效降低出生缺陷的发生及减少早期新生儿死亡的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of birth defects in Yanbian Prefecture and provide a theoretical basis for taking effective measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects in Yanbian Prefecture. Methods The data of perinatal and birth defects children born in 14 birth defects monitoring hospitals in Yanbian Prefecture from October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2013 were collected and the relevant information was analyzed. Results The incidence of birth defects in Yanbian Prefecture was 123.88 / 10000 between October 1, 2008 and September 30, 2013, and maintained at a relatively stable level. There was no significant difference in birth defects between urban and rural areas (P> 0.05) The incidence of birth defects in male fetuses was higher than that in female fetuses (P <0.01). The incidence of birth defects in pregnant women with high-risk gestational age (<20 years or ≥35 years) was higher than that of the appropriate age group (P <0.01). Birth defects occurred in the top 5 followed by congenital heart disease, multiple finger toe, total cleft lip, hydrocephalus, external ear deformity. The mortality rate of early neonatal deaths was 26.56% (81/305), accounting for the first place of death of newborn infants. The rate of perinatal mortality in defective children was 29.59% (221/747), which was significantly higher than that of normal children (0.82%). The second trimester (less than 28 weeks) found that the birth defects and termination of pregnancy accounted for 18.54% of all birth defects. Conclusions Strengthening prenatal care and prenatal care and raising the level of prenatal screening are effective measures to effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and reduce the death of early neonates.