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摆手舞作为一种本土信仰的祭祀活动,是土家族最大的民俗活动之一。摆手舞既是一种祭仪,也是一种傩仪,经过历史的变迁,它现在已经褪去了宗教的色彩,成为一种纯粹的民间舞蹈,2006年摆手舞还被列入“非遗”名录进入保护。考察摆手舞及其祭祀对象的流变史,我们可以总结出仪式的意动性特征。同时摆手舞及整个人类学意义上的仪式是口传时代的产物,要分析仪式,我们需要了解口传时代的文化特征和符号编码特征。本文就是从这一角度,结合人类学、符号学、土家族民族学等理论和材料展开的阐述。
Hand-waving as a sacrificial offering of local faith is one of the largest folk activities in Tujia. Wave hand dance is both a ritual and a kind of ritual instrument. After historical changes, it has now faded the religious color and became a pure folk dance. In 2006, hand-waving dance was also included in the “non-legacy” Directory into protection. When examining the history of the dance of hand-waving and the sacrificial objects, we can conclude the motivational characteristics of the ceremony. At the same time hand-waving and rituals in the anthropological sense are the product of the oral tradition. To analyze rituals, we need to understand the cultural characteristics and symbolic characteristics of the oral tradition. This article is from this perspective, combined with anthropology, semiotics, Tujia ethnology and other theories and materials elaborated.