目的　观察再造尿道远期变化 ,对比不同材料的组织易感染性 ,研究如何降低尿道下裂术后感染率 ,探讨选择再造尿道组织材料的依据。方法　应用尿道镜、尿道造影观察再造尿道 ,以光镜、电镜观察再造尿道材料、再造尿道及正常尿道的组织切片。结果　应用皮肤、口腔黏膜、膀胱黏膜再造的尿道远期结构和易感染性均无变化 ,没有化生为尿道黏膜。结论　再造尿道壁远期仍与同源组织结构相同 ,组织易感染性相同。从微环境角度而言 ,膀胱黏膜和口腔黏膜是理想的再造尿道材料。皮肤再造的尿道具有内在固有的组织易感染特性。尿道下裂最佳手术年龄在青春期之前 Objective To observe the long-term changes of urethral reconstruction, compare the susceptibility of different materials to tissue, to study how to reduce the postoperative infection rate of hypospadias, and to explore the basis for the selection of urethral tissue materials. Methods The urethra was reconstructed with urethra and urethroscopy. The urethra was reconstructed by light and electron microscopy. The urethra and normal urethral tissue sections were reconstructed. Results There was no change in the long-term urethral structure and susceptibility of the skin, oral mucosa, and bladder mucosa, and no metaplastic urethral mucosa. Conclusion Reconstruction of urethral wall is still the same with the same long-term homologous tissue structure, tissue susceptibility to the same. From the micro-environmental point of view, the bladder mucosa and oral mucosa is the ideal reconstruction of urethral material. Skin reconstruction of the urethra inherent inherent tissue infection characteristics. Hypospadias surgery best age before puberty