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地貌对地质灾害的分布、类型、规模与危害等特征具有重要的影响,宏观及微观地貌指标均能在一定程度上刻画其作用特征。应用高分辨率遥感影像详细解译崩塌和滑坡灾害,采用高精度DEM和滑动窗口技术提取地貌分维特征,并用其解析灾害分布的地貌特征。结果表明:灾害体的内部与后壁、前缘、侧壁和邻区均表现出较为明显的分异性,崩塌的微地貌分异特征较之滑坡显著,大型、厚层、老(古)崩塌及滑坡分异特征更为突出。计算地貌分维值可有效识别与其同时期的或更早的地质灾害,也可间接挖掘新发生灾害的微地貌复杂性和离散性。
Geomorphology has an important influence on the distribution, type, scale and hazard of geological disasters. The macroscopic and microscopic topographic indexes can all characterize their functions to a certain extent. Applying high resolution remote sensing images to interpret collapse and landslide hazards in detail, high-precision DEM and sliding window techniques are used to extract the fractal features of landforms and to analyze the geomorphic features of the disasters. The results show that the internal and the rear wall, the front edge, the side wall and the adjacent area of the disaster body all show obvious differentiation. Compared with the landslide, the characteristics of the micro-topography of the collapse are large, thick, And landslide differentiation is more prominent. Calculating the fractal dimension of landforms can effectively identify geological disasters of the same or earlier period and also indirectly explore the micro-topographic complexity and dispersion of new disasters.