一、前言在人体内使用金属制品已有400余年历史,最早是英国人用纯金修补颅骨和镶牙,后来又有人用较廉价的银、铜、铁等材料治理骨折和稳定关节。随着冶金工业和医学的发展,不锈钢、锆、铌、钛等材料也在人体外科手术中获得应用。据报导,目前 I. INTRODUCTION The use of metal products in the human body has been in existence for more than 400 years. The earliest British people used pure gold to repair the skull and denture. Later, others used cheaper materials such as silver, copper and iron to treat fractures and stabilize the joints. With the development of metallurgical industry and medicine, stainless steel, zirconium, niobium, titanium and other materials are also used in human surgery. It is reported that at present