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一般说来,任何一种断口都会不同程度地保留断裂之前和断裂过程中形成的宏观和微观特征。这些特征往往可以将材料的成份、组织、机械性能、断裂过程中应力状态和环境影响等因素对材料断裂性能的影响联系在一起。因此,金属材料的断口分析,在改进冶炼、加工工艺和各种机械部件破损原因分析中,受到极大重视。断口分析最初是从宏观开始的,以后采用光学显微镜进行断口分析。从五十年代起,人们开始把电子显微镜用于断口分析,为更细致地观察断口表面显微特征,更深入地研究断裂机理,更准确
In general, any kind of fracture will retain the macroscopic and microscopic features formed before and during the fracture. These characteristics can often be related to the material’s composition, organization, mechanical properties, stress state during fracture and environmental effects on the fracture properties of the material. Therefore, the fracture analysis of metal materials, in improving the smelting, processing technology and analysis of the causes of various mechanical components damaged, received great attention. Fracture analysis was originally from the macro began, after the use of optical microscopy fracture analysis. Since the 1950s, people began to use electron microscopy for fracture analysis, in order to more carefully observe the fracture surface microscopic features, a more in-depth study of fracture mechanism, more accurate