苏联影片《莫斯科保卫战》给人最突出的印象就是真实。那大兵团的运动战、千百辆坦克的对垒、战斗轰炸机的低空俯冲轰炸、一座座城市的被毁、一幢幢楼房的倒塌、以及数万民众(主要是妇女)的森严壁垒都展示了宏大的战争场面,给人以身临其境的感觉。但本文所要谈的真实还不是这些,而是影片一扫五十年代同类影片中那种粉饰现实、美化自然的做法,大胆地揭露了苏联内部、包括最高领导层的失误和弊端,展示了一部庞大而笨重的国家机器在转变为战争机器时所呈现出来的惰性及失灵。过去,我们以为,苏联在战争初期的失利,只是由于希特勒的德国背信弃义、不宣而战造成的。从这部影片中我们才意识到,原因还在于苏联内部。主要是以斯大林为首的领导层存在着不切实际的幻想,麻痹到了不可思议的程度。希特勒是个什么样的人,他 The most outstanding impression given by the Soviet film “Battle of Moscow” is real. The large battalion’s mobile warfare, the confrontation of hundreds of tanks, the low-altitude dive bombing of fighter-bombers, the destruction of a metropolitan area, the collapse of a series of buildings and the harsh barricades of tens of thousands of people, mainly women, War scenes, giving the feeling of immersion. However, the truth to be discussed in this article is not the same. Instead, the film sweeps the realism and beautify the nature in the films of the 1950s and boldly reveals the mistakes and malpractices in the Soviet Union, including the top leadership, The inertia and failure of the large and bulky state machine in the transition to a war machine. In the past, we thought that the defeat of the Soviet Union in the early stages of the war was only caused by Hitler’s German treachery and undeclared war. From this film we realized that the reason lies in the Soviet Union. The leadership, mainly headed by Stalin, has an unrealistic illusion that paralyzes to an incredible level. Hitler is what kind of person, him