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一、概述皂甙按其甙元的性质分为甾体皂甙和三萜皂甙。前者的甙元常是螺旋甾醇或其衍生物。第三类称碱性甾体皂甙,其甙元含氮。二、分离Sephadex LH—20层析,液滴逆流层析(DCC),高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等均有应用。多花狗木、人参和竹节人参及柴胡中的皂甙用 DCC 获分离甘草、柴胡和疾黎中的皂甙用 HPLC 获得分离。三、结构测定质谱:电子轰击质谱是进行皂甙鉴定,纯度测定和结构测定的有用方法,但须制成挥发性衍生物。含糖四个以上则不能给出分子离子。场电离质谱曾用于全甲基化寡糖,未制成衍生物的核苷,天然存在的甙类的结构分析。场解吸质谱能给出分子
I. Overview Saponins are classified into steroidal saponins and triterpene saponins according to their properties. The former aglycone is often spirofurfuryl alcohol or its derivatives. The third category is called alkaline steroidal saponin, which contains nitrogen. Second, the separation of Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, droplet countercurrent chromatography (DCC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), etc. have applications. The saponins from dogwood, ginseng, and bamboo ginseng and Bupleurum were separated by DCC. The saponins in licorice, bupleurum and schilimus were separated by HPLC. Third, the structural determination of mass spectrometry: Electron impact mass spectrometry is a useful method for the identification of saponins, purity determination and structure determination, but must be made into volatile derivatives. Four or more sugars do not give molecular ions. Field ionization mass spectrometry has been used to analyze the structure of naturally occurring quinones for permethylated oligosaccharides, underivatized nucleosides. Field desorption mass spectrometry can give molecules