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航天员是一个极具风险和挑战的职业,工作环境的特殊性、高危性,职业技能的复杂性,以及飞行任务艰巨性,对航天员的道德修养、身体素质、心理素质、知识储备和技能提出了很高的要求,所以航天员的选拔工作必然是非常严格慎重的。随着我国载人航天工程的不断发展,航天员的选拔工作也愈加成熟完善。我国目前拥有两批航天员,共21名,他们都是从飞行员中选拔出来的。我国对航天员执行短期飞行任务进行的选拔训练,更多侧重于航天员飞船驾驶方面,今后将逐步选拔飞行工程师和载荷专家两类航天员。对飞行工程师和载荷专家的选拔,可能在专业知识的要求上相对更高。
Astronaut is a career with great risk and challenge. The work environment is special, dangerous, the complexity of professional skills and the arduousness of the flight mission. The astronaut’s moral cultivation, physical quality, psychological quality, knowledge reserve and skills Made a very high demand, so the selection of astronauts must be very strict and cautious. With the continuous development of China’s manned space project, the selection of astronauts is also more mature and perfect. My country now has two batches of astronauts, a total of 21, all of whom were selected from the pilots. In our country, the selection and training of astronauts in short-term flight tasks are more focused on the astronaut spacecraft driving. In the future, two types of astronauts, flight engineers and load experts, will be gradually selected. The selection of flight engineers and load specialists may be relatively higher in terms of expertise.