数理统计是数学的一个重要分支。它是以概率论为基础,以掌握事物总体的数量特征为目标,着重对统计资料进行分析、研究,验证它是否符合某种数学模型,从而作出有用的推断的一门学科。这个数学分支,无论在内容上,还是在数学方法上都是极为重要的。随着生产与科学技术的不断发展,各门学科都要逐渐从定性的描述走向定量的描述,因而统计工具(一般 Mathematical statistics are an important branch of mathematics. It is based on the theory of probability and aims to grasp the quantitative characteristics of the totality of things. It focuses on the analysis and research of statistical data to verify whether it meets a certain mathematical model, and thus makes a useful inference. This branch of mathematics is extremely important both in terms of content and mathematical methods. With the continuous development of production and science and technology, all disciplines must gradually move from qualitative description to quantitative description, and statistical tools (generally