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目的进一步掌握甘肃省平凉市青少年精神病发病情况,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法回顾性研究2008—2012年平凉市首次收治的18岁以下青少年精神病患者436例(其中男200例、女236例)。结果 18岁以下青少年精神病发病总体呈逐年上升态势,5年间年平均环比增长23.76%,436例患者中12~14岁106例,占24.31%,15~18岁330例,占75.69%;年龄、性别发病差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.019 5,P>0.05);患者以精神分裂症占首位(59.86%),情感障碍发病占31.65%,精神发育迟滞发病占3.44%,伴有生理紊乱及躯体因素的行为综合征发病占2.98%,神经性应激障碍发病占2.06%;在采用心理治疗、工娱治疗的同时附以必要的药物治疗,对于难治性抑郁或躁狂发作的患者采用一定的电抽搐等综合措施治疗,痊愈132例、痊愈率30.27%,好转174例、好转率39.91%,无效130例、无效率29.82%,总有效306例、总有效率70.18%。结论防治青少年精神病应采用行为治疗、认知治疗、学校干预及必要的药物治疗等综合防治措施,提高青少年的心理素质,增强他们认知社会和适应环境的能力,会大大减少青少年精神病的发生。
Objective To further grasp the incidence of mental illness among adolescents in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and treatment measures. Methods A retrospective study of 436 adolescents with mental illness under 18 years old (including 200 males and 236 females) was first reviewed in Pingliang City from 2008 to 2012. Results The incidence of mental illness in adolescents under 18 years of age increased year by year, with an average annual increase of 23.76% over the five years. Among 436 patients, 106 cases were 12-14 years old, accounting for 24.31%, 330 cases aged 15-18 years, accounting for 75.69% The incidence of schizophrenia accounted for the highest (59.86%), the incidence of emotional disorders accounted for 31.65%, the incidence of mental retardation accounted for 3.44%, associated with physiological disorders and Behavioral symptoms of somatic factors accounted for 2.98% of the incidence of neurological stress disorder accounted for 2.06%; in the use of psychological treatment, industrial and medical treatment accompanied by the necessary drug treatment for patients with refractory depression or manic episode Certain electroconvulsions and other comprehensive treatment measures, cured 132 cases, the cure rate was 30.27%, improved in 174 cases, improvement rate of 39.91%, ineffective in 130 cases, inefficiency of 29.82%, total effective 306 cases, the total effective rate was 70.18%. Conclusion Adolescents with mental illness should adopt comprehensive prevention and treatment measures such as behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, school intervention and necessary medical treatment to improve the psychological quality of adolescents and enhance their ability to recognize society and adapt to the environment, which will greatly reduce the incidence of adolescent psychosis.