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当抽空得很干淨的固体和气体(或蒸汽)接触的时候,气体(或蒸汽)就会聚集在固体的表面之上,或者进入固体的内部。固体表面的气体的浓度,大于气相的浓度。这种气体或蒸汽在表面聚集的趋向,称为吸附現象。在絕大多数的情况下,吸附是放热的,放出的热量称为吸附热。吸附現象一般可分为物理吸附和化学吸附两种。化学吸附作用力类似于化学反应的結合力。吸附热較大,具有选择性,須要一定活化能,吸附速度較慢,多为单层吸附;而物理吸附作用力为范德华力,吸附热小,
When a well-evacuated solid comes in contact with a gas (or vapor), gas (or steam) accumulates on the surface of the solid or enters the interior of the solid. The gas concentration on the solid surface is greater than the gas phase concentration. The tendency of this gas or vapor to accumulate on the surface is called adsorption. In the vast majority of cases, adsorption is exothermic, release of heat called adsorption heat. Adsorption can generally be divided into two kinds of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. The chemisorption force is similar to that of a chemical reaction. Adsorption heat larger, selective, requires a certain activation energy, adsorption speed is slower, mostly single-layer adsorption; and physical adsorption force van der Waals force, adsorption heat is small,